The exact cause of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a combination of factors.
Here's a breakdown of the likely contributing factors:
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Reduced Blood Flow to the Bowel: This is a leading theory. A decrease in blood flow can compromise the intestinal lining, making it vulnerable to damage. Without adequate blood flow, the bowel's ability to produce protective mucus is diminished, leaving the gastrointestinal tract susceptible to injury.
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Intestinal Bacteria: Bacteria naturally present in the intestine can become problematic under certain conditions. An imbalance or overgrowth of specific bacteria, especially in a vulnerable infant's gut, may contribute to the inflammation and damage characteristic of NEC.
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Prematurity: Premature infants are at a significantly higher risk for NEC. Their digestive systems are often underdeveloped, making them more susceptible to infections and inflammation.
In summary, while no single cause has been identified, NEC likely results from a combination of reduced blood flow to the bowel, the presence of bacteria in the intestine, and factors related to prematurity.
