CPE (Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae) infection is diagnosed by laboratory testing of samples taken from the patient. Specifically, if a CPE infection is suspected, a doctor will collect samples such as blood, urine, or a wound swab. These samples are then sent to a laboratory for testing to identify the presence of bacteria, including CPE. The doctor will then receive the results of these tests.
Here's a breakdown of the typical diagnostic process:
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Sample Collection:
- Blood: If a bloodstream infection is suspected.
- Urine: If a urinary tract infection is suspected.
- Wound Swab: If the infection is localized to a wound.
- Other Body Fluids: In certain cases, other bodily fluids might be collected depending on the suspected location of the infection.
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Laboratory Testing:
- Culture: The collected sample is cultured to allow any bacteria present to grow. This helps in identifying the specific type of bacteria causing the infection.
- Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing: Once bacteria are identified, tests are performed to determine which antibiotics are effective against them. In the case of suspected CPE, labs specifically look for resistance to carbapenem antibiotics.
- Specific CPE Detection Tests: Molecular tests might be performed to identify the genes that produce carbapenemase enzymes, which are responsible for carbapenem resistance. These tests can confirm the presence of CPE.
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Result Interpretation and Treatment:
- The laboratory results are provided to the doctor.
- If CPE is identified, the doctor will select the most appropriate antibiotics based on the antibiotic susceptibility testing results. Treatment options are often limited due to the resistance profile of CPE.
