Transmission of infection is the process by which a pathogen spreads from one host to another. According to provided information, diseases and infections are transmitted in many ways, which may be directly transmitted from one person to another, or by certain bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or fungi. (Reference: 30-Aug-2020)
Here’s a breakdown of what this means:
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Pathogen: A disease-causing agent, such as a bacteria, virus, fungus, or protozoa.
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Host: An organism (like a human or animal) that harbors a pathogen.
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Transmission: The movement of a pathogen from a source (the infected host) to a new host.
Modes of Transmission
Transmission can occur in various ways:
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Direct Transmission: This involves immediate transfer of the pathogen from one host to another. Examples include:
- Direct Contact: Touching, kissing, or sexual contact.
- Droplet Spread: Sneezing, coughing, or talking near another person.
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Indirect Transmission: This involves a vehicle or vector to carry the pathogen from one host to another. Examples include:
- Airborne Transmission: Pathogens suspended in the air for long periods.
- Vehicle-borne Transmission: Contaminated food, water, or objects (fomites).
- Vector-borne Transmission: Insects or animals carrying pathogens (e.g., mosquitoes transmitting malaria).
Examples of Pathogens and Transmission
| Pathogen | Type | Transmission Method(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Virus | Droplet spread, direct contact |
| Salmonella | Bacteria | Vehicle-borne (contaminated food) |
| Malaria | Protozoa | Vector-borne (mosquitoes) |
