Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a rare viral disease that is similar to smallpox.
Mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. While the name suggests monkeys as a primary host, the natural reservoir of the virus remains unknown. Rodents are suspected to play a role in its transmission.
Symptoms and Transmission
Mpox typically begins with flu-like symptoms, including:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Chills
- Exhaustion
Following these initial symptoms, a rash develops, often starting on the face and spreading to other parts of the body. The rash progresses through several stages, eventually forming scabs before resolving. The illness usually lasts for 2-4 weeks.
Mpox can spread through:
- Direct contact: With the rash, scabs, or bodily fluids of an infected person or animal.
- Respiratory secretions: During prolonged face-to-face contact.
- Contact with contaminated materials: Such as clothing or bedding.
Prevention and Treatment
Several measures can help prevent the spread of mpox:
- Vaccination: Vaccines developed for smallpox, such as JYNNEOS (Imvamune or Imvanex), have been shown to be effective against mpox.
- Avoid contact: With animals or people who are infected.
- Practice good hygiene: Frequent handwashing with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
- Use personal protective equipment (PPE): When caring for infected individuals.
Treatment for mpox typically focuses on managing symptoms. Antiviral medications, such as tecovirimat (TPOXX), may be used in severe cases.
Global Distribution
Mpox was initially endemic to Central and West Africa. However, outbreaks have occurred in other regions, including Europe, North America, and Australia, during 2022 and 2023.
