Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs, caused by bacteria. It spreads through the air when someone with TB coughs, sneezes, or spits. Fortunately, TB is both preventable and curable.
Understanding TB:
TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The infection most commonly attacks the lungs, but can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spine, or brain. Many people infected with the bacteria don't show any symptoms, a condition known as latent TB. However, in some individuals, the bacteria become active, causing active TB disease, which requires medical treatment.
Symptoms of Active TB:
Symptoms of active TB can include:
- A persistent cough lasting more than three weeks.
- Coughing up blood or mucus.
- Chest pain.
- Difficulty breathing or pain with coughing.
- Fever.
- Chills.
- Night sweats.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Fatigue.
It's crucial to note that many people with latent TB infection never develop active TB disease. Active TB is diagnosed through various tests, including skin tests, blood tests, chest X-rays, and sputum cultures.
Transmission and Prevention:
TB spreads through the air, similar to a cold or the flu. Preventive measures include:
- Early diagnosis and treatment of active TB cases.
- Vaccination with the BCG vaccine (in some countries).
- Avoiding close contact with individuals with active TB, especially in poorly ventilated spaces.
Treatment for active TB involves a course of multiple antibiotics, typically lasting several months. The duration and specific medications depend on factors such as the type of TB, the patient's health, and the location. Adherence to the treatment regimen is crucial to prevent drug resistance and ensure a successful outcome.
