Rabies starts with an infection caused by the rabies virus, primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals.
Rabies, a severe and almost invariably fatal viral disease, initiates when the rabies virus enters the body. The most common mode of transmission involves a bite from a rabid animal, allowing the virus-laden saliva to penetrate the skin. While less frequent, rabies can also start when infected saliva comes into contact with open wounds or mucous membranes like those in the eyes or mouth.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
- Infected Animal: The primary source of rabies is an infected animal, typically mammals like dogs, bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes.
- Saliva Transmission: The rabies virus resides in the saliva of the infected animal.
- Entry Point:
- Bite Wound: The most common route is through a bite, allowing the virus to enter the bloodstream.
- Open Wound/Mucous Membrane Contact: Less frequently, the virus can enter through a pre-existing wound or by contacting mucous membranes.
- Viral Replication and Spread: After entering the body, the virus replicates in muscle tissue near the entry point and then travels along peripheral nerves to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
- Disease Progression: Once in the brain, the virus causes severe inflammation and neurological damage, leading to the characteristic symptoms of rabies.
It's crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you suspect you have been exposed to rabies. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), consisting of rabies immunoglobulin and a series of rabies vaccinations, is highly effective in preventing the disease if administered promptly after exposure.
