Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). It's most commonly caused by infections, but other factors can contribute.
Infectious Causes: The Most Common Culprits
The most frequent cause of meningitis is an infection, typically spread from person to person. These infections can be caused by several types of pathogens:
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Bacteria: Bacterial meningitis is particularly dangerous and can be life-threatening, even within 24 hours. Many different bacterial species can cause it, with some being more common than others. Bacterial meningitis is the most common dangerous type of meningitis and can be fatal within 24 hours. At least 50 kinds of bacteria can cause this serious illness.
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Viruses: Numerous viruses can trigger meningitis. The specific spread and risk factors vary depending on the virus. For example, the mumps virus is one known viral cause. Mumps virus, one viral cause of meningitis. Viral meningitis is generally less severe than bacterial meningitis.
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Fungi: Fungi can also cause meningitis, although this is less common than bacterial or viral infections.
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Parasites: In rare instances, parasites can lead to meningitis.
Non-Infectious Causes: Rarer Contributing Factors
While less common, meningitis can also result from:
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Injuries: Certain injuries to the head or spinal cord can cause inflammation of the meninges.
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Cancers: Some cancers can lead to meningitis as a secondary complication.
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Drugs: Specific medications can, in rare cases, trigger meningitis as an adverse reaction.
Transmission and Spread
Many cases of meningitis caused by infection are spread through close contact with an infected individual. The specific mode of transmission varies by the causative agent (bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite).
