Needles, when shared or reused without proper sterilization, can transmit several serious bloodborne diseases. According to the provided reference, these diseases primarily include HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, especially among people who inject drugs.
Bloodborne Diseases Transmitted by Needles
Here's a detailed look at the diseases transmitted through contaminated needles:
- HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, eventually leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There is no cure, but antiviral treatments can manage the infection.
- Hepatitis B: A viral infection that attacks the liver, hepatitis B can cause chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. A vaccine is available for prevention.
- Hepatitis C: Another viral infection affecting the liver, hepatitis C can also lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Antiviral medications can cure hepatitis C.
Table of Diseases Transmitted by Needles
| Disease | Virus/Cause | Impact on Health | Prevention/Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV/AIDS | Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Weakens immune system, leads to AIDS | No cure; managed with antiviral therapy; prevent through safe practices. |
| Hepatitis B | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | Liver infection, chronic liver disease | Vaccine available; antiviral medications for treatment. |
| Hepatitis C | Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) | Liver infection, chronic liver disease | No vaccine; antiviral medications can cure the infection. |
Prevention of Needle-Borne Diseases
Preventing the spread of these diseases involves:
- Avoiding Needle Sharing: Never share needles or syringes for any purpose, including drug injection, tattooing, or piercing.
- Safe Injection Practices: If injecting drugs, use new, sterile needles and syringes for each injection.
- Healthcare Settings: Ensure healthcare providers use sterile equipment and follow proper infection control protocols.
- Vaccination: Get vaccinated against hepatitis B. A vaccine for HIV/AIDS is not yet available, and there's no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
- Needle Exchange Programs: These programs provide clean needles and syringes to people who inject drugs, reducing the risk of disease transmission.
