A serious type of infection is septicaemia (also known as sepsis), a life-threatening condition caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream.
Septicaemia, more accurately referred to as sepsis, occurs when the body's response to an infection spirals out of control. Instead of fighting the infection locally, the immune system releases chemicals into the bloodstream that trigger widespread inflammation. This inflammation can lead to organ damage, shock, and even death.
Here's a breakdown of why sepsis is so dangerous:
- Systemic Infection: Unlike a localized infection (like a skin infection), sepsis affects the entire body.
- Rapid Progression: Sepsis can worsen very quickly, sometimes within hours.
- Organ Dysfunction: The inflammation damages vital organs, such as the lungs, kidneys, and liver.
- Septic Shock: In severe cases, sepsis leads to a dangerous drop in blood pressure, known as septic shock, which can be fatal.
Key Differences: Septicaemia vs. Sepsis
While the term "septicaemia" is often used interchangeably with "sepsis," it's more accurate to view septicaemia as the presence of bacteria in the blood. Sepsis is the body's reaction to that infection.
Symptoms of Sepsis
Recognizing the signs of sepsis is crucial for early treatment. Symptoms can include:
- Fever or chills
- Rapid heart rate
- Rapid breathing
- Confusion or disorientation
- Extreme pain or discomfort
- Clammy or sweaty skin
Risk Factors
Certain individuals are at higher risk of developing sepsis:
- Infants and young children
- Elderly adults
- People with weakened immune systems
- Individuals with chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, kidney disease)
- Patients in intensive care units
Treatment
Sepsis requires immediate medical attention. Treatment typically involves:
- Antibiotics to fight the infection
- Intravenous fluids to maintain blood pressure
- Oxygen support
- Organ support (e.g., dialysis for kidney failure)
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving the chances of survival. Sepsis is a medical emergency that requires prompt action.
