Rabbit flu is a common term for Tularemia, a disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.
Tularemia, often called "rabbit fever," primarily affects animals, particularly rodents, rabbits, and hares. This disease is prevalent in rural areas and has been reported across the United States, with the exception of Hawaii. While humans can contract tularemia, it's primarily an animal disease.
Here's a breakdown of key aspects of tularemia:
- Cause: Infection with the bacterium Francisella tularensis.
- Primary Hosts: Rabbits, hares, and rodents.
- Transmission:
- Bites from infected insects (ticks, deer flies)
- Direct contact with infected animals (handling, skinning, or consuming undercooked meat)
- Inhalation of Francisella tularensis (rare, but can occur in laboratory settings or during lawn mowing/brush cutting in areas with infected animals).
- Ingestion of contaminated water or food.
- Symptoms in Humans: Symptoms can vary based on how the bacteria entered the body, but common signs include:
- Sudden fever
- Chills
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Ulcers at the site of infection (often a tick bite).
- Prevention:
- Use insect repellent containing DEET.
- Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors.
- Avoid handling wild animals, especially rabbits and rodents.
- Cook meat thoroughly.
- Drink safe water.
- Treatment: Tularemia is treatable with antibiotics.
In summary, "rabbit flu" is an informal name for tularemia, a bacterial disease mainly found in animals but transmissible to humans. If you suspect you may have tularemia, consult a healthcare professional immediately.
