TB glands typically refer to lymph nodes that have become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). This condition often presents as swelling, especially in the neck region. This is also known as Scrofula.
Understanding TB Glandular Infection
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Primary Site of Infection: While TB primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), it can spread to other parts of the body, including the lymph nodes. When TB affects the lymph nodes, it's called extrapulmonary TB, specifically TB lymphadenitis or TB of the glands.
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Lymph Nodes Affected: The cervical (neck) and supraclavicular (above the collarbone) lymph nodes are most commonly affected.
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Presentation: The infected lymph nodes typically swell, creating noticeable lumps. These lumps are often painless, especially in the early stages. This painless swelling is a characteristic feature of scrofula.
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Causes: In adults, M. tuberculosis is the most frequent culprit. However, in children, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a more common cause.
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Diagnosis: Diagnosis usually involves:
- Physical examination to assess the swelling.
- Tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) to detect TB infection.
- Biopsy of the affected lymph node for microscopic examination and culture to identify the specific mycobacteria.
- Imaging tests (e.g., chest X-ray) to rule out pulmonary TB.
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Treatment: Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics that are effective against M. tuberculosis or the specific NTM identified. The duration of treatment can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the specific organism involved.
Scrofula
Scrofula is the historical term for TB lymphadenitis, particularly when it affects the cervical lymph nodes. While the term is less frequently used now, it's still relevant in medical discussions. Scrofula describes the characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, often caused by M. tuberculosis.
