Ulceroglandular syndrome is a condition characterized by a skin ulcer at the site of infection (inoculation) accompanied by swollen and tender regional lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy).
Key Features of Ulceroglandular Syndrome:
- Ulcer Formation: An open sore, or ulcer, develops at the location where the infectious agent entered the body. This is the primary lesion.
- Regional Lymphadenopathy: The lymph nodes closest to the ulcerated area become enlarged, painful, and tender to the touch. This indicates the infection is spreading through the lymphatic system.
Common Cause:
Ulceroglandular syndrome is most commonly associated with tularemia, a bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis. Transmission of tularemia can occur through various routes, including:
- Tick or deer fly bites
- Contact with infected animals (e.g., rabbits, rodents)
- Ingestion of contaminated water or food
- Inhalation of contaminated aerosols
Differentiation from Glandular Tularemia:
It's important to distinguish ulceroglandular tularemia from glandular tularemia. In glandular tularemia, lymphadenopathy is present without the formation of a visible ulcer at the site of inoculation.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Diagnosis of ulceroglandular syndrome typically involves:
- Clinical examination of the ulcer and lymph nodes
- Laboratory tests to identify Francisella tularensis (e.g., culture, PCR, serology)
Treatment usually involves antibiotics, such as streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
