Using an IV infusion pump involves several key steps to ensure accurate and safe medication or fluid delivery. The provided reference, a YouTube video titled "Using an Infusion Pump," partially demonstrates this process, focusing on priming the tubing. Here’s a more comprehensive guide based on typical procedures and incorporating the reference material:
Steps for Using an IV Infusion Pump
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Preparation and Safety:
- Verify the Order: Always double-check the physician's order for the correct medication, dose, rate, and route.
- Gather Supplies: Collect the necessary supplies, including the IV solution, IV tubing, infusion pump, alcohol swabs, and any additional equipment required for IV insertion or maintenance.
- Hand Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer to prevent infection.
- Patient Identification: Verify the patient's identity using two identifiers (e.g., name and medical record number).
- Explain Procedure: Explain the procedure to the patient to alleviate anxiety and ensure cooperation.
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Setting Up the IV Tubing:
- Open the Package: Carefully open the IV tubing package, maintaining sterility.
- Close the Roller Clamp: Ensure the roller clamp on the IV tubing is closed to prevent uncontrolled flow.
- Spike the IV Bag: Remove the protective cover from the IV bag's port and the tubing's spike. Insert the spike into the IV bag using a twisting motion.
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Priming the Tubing (Referencing the YouTube video):
- Squeeze Drip Chamber: Squeeze and fill the drip chamber to the appropriate level (usually about halfway) to prevent air from entering the tubing.
- Open Drip Regulator: Open the drip regulator to allow fluid to flow through the tubing, forcing air out.
- Prime the Tubing: Hold the tubing below the drip chamber and open the roller clamp to allow the fluid to flow through the entire length of the tubing, removing all air bubbles. Gently tap the tubing to dislodge any stubborn air bubbles.
- Re-clamp: Once the tubing is primed and free of air, close the roller clamp.
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Programming the Infusion Pump:
- Turn on the Pump: Power on the infusion pump.
- Select Program/Mode: Choose the appropriate program or mode on the pump (e.g., continuous infusion, intermittent infusion, PCA).
- Enter Parameters: Carefully enter the prescribed infusion rate (mL/hr), volume to be infused (VTBI), and any other required parameters based on the physician's order and pump specifications.
- Verify Settings: Double-check all programmed settings to ensure accuracy.
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Connecting to the Patient:
- Clean the Injection Port: Clean the IV access port on the patient’s IV catheter with an alcohol swab.
- Attach Tubing: Connect the primed IV tubing to the IV access port, maintaining sterility.
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Starting the Infusion:
- Open the Roller Clamp: Gently open the roller clamp on the IV tubing.
- Start the Pump: Press the "Start" button on the infusion pump to begin the infusion.
- Observe for Proper Flow: Ensure the solution is flowing properly into the patient's vein without any signs of infiltration or phlebitis.
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Monitoring and Maintenance:
- Regular Checks: Regularly monitor the infusion site for signs of complications (redness, swelling, pain).
- Pump Alarms: Respond promptly to any pump alarms. Common alarms include occlusion, air-in-line, and low battery.
- Fluid Levels: Monitor the fluid level in the IV bag and replace as needed.
- Documentation: Document the infusion start time, medication, dose, rate, and patient response.
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Troubleshooting Common Issues:
- Occlusion Alarm: Check the tubing for kinks or obstructions. Flush the IV catheter if necessary.
- Air-in-Line Alarm: Ensure the tubing is properly primed and free of air.
- Flow Rate Issues: Verify the programmed settings and check for any mechanical issues with the pump.
Example of Programming an Infusion Pump:
If the doctor orders 1000 mL of normal saline to be infused over 8 hours, you would program the pump as follows:
- Rate: 125 mL/hr (1000 mL / 8 hours = 125 mL/hr)
- VTBI: 1000 mL
Following these steps ensures the safe and effective use of an IV infusion pump, promoting optimal patient care.
