You can get several types of infections from injections, especially with unsafe injection practices like those associated with injection drug use.
Infections Associated with Injections
Injections, particularly when not performed under sterile conditions, can lead to a variety of infections. These can be broadly categorized into:
Viral Infections
- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): This virus attacks the immune system and can be transmitted through shared needles and syringes.
- HCV (Hepatitis C Virus): Hepatitis C is a liver infection that can cause serious damage. It is also frequently spread through blood-to-blood contact, such as via injection drug use.
Bacterial Infections
- Skin Abscesses: These are painful, pus-filled pockets under the skin caused by bacterial infection at the injection site.
- Endocarditis: This is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves, which can be life-threatening. Bacteria can enter the bloodstream through injection sites and travel to the heart.
Injection Drug Use and Infection Risk
Injection drug use (IDU) significantly increases the risk of developing these infections due to several factors:
- Sharing of needles and syringes: This is a primary route for transmitting bloodborne viruses and bacteria.
- Lack of sterile techniques: Using non-sterile equipment or improper cleaning procedures can introduce pathogens into the body.
- Frequency of injections: More frequent injections increase the cumulative risk of infection.
Prevention and Mitigation
To reduce the risk of infections from injections:
- Use sterile needles and syringes: Always use a new, sterile needle and syringe for each injection.
- Practice proper hygiene: Clean the injection site thoroughly with an antiseptic before injecting.
- Avoid sharing equipment: Never share needles, syringes, or other injection equipment.
- Seek medical attention: If you experience any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, pain, or fever, seek medical advice immediately.
Summary
| Infection Type | Examples | Associated Risk Factors |
|---|---|---|
| Viral | HIV, HCV | Sharing needles, unsafe practices |
| Bacterial | Skin abscesses, endocarditis | Lack of hygiene, unsterile equipment |
Reference information: Injection drug use (IDU) is a worldwide public health concern. IDUs are at increased risk for developing viral disease (e.g., HIV, HCV; 1), bacterial infections (e.g., skin abscesses, endocarditis; 2; 3; 4), and overdose fatalities (5).
