Injecting a shot, whether intramuscular or subcutaneous, requires careful technique to ensure proper delivery of the medication and minimize discomfort or complications. The following steps provide a general guide, incorporating best practices for injection:
Preparing for the Injection
- Gather Supplies: You will need the prescribed medication, the correct size syringe and needle, alcohol swabs, and a sharps container for disposal.
- Wash Your Hands: Thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Prepare the Syringe: Draw up the correct dose of medication into the syringe, following the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Ensure there are no air bubbles in the syringe.
- Select Injection Site: Choose the appropriate injection site based on the type of injection (intramuscular or subcutaneous) and the medication being administered. Common sites include the upper arm, thigh, abdomen, or hip.
- Clean the Injection Site: Using an alcohol swab, clean the injection site starting from the center and moving outward in a circular motion. Allow the area to dry completely. This helps to prevent infection. According to the reference, you should clean "starting from the center outward. Allow the area to dry."
Administering the Injection
- Position Yourself and the Patient (if applicable): Ensure you have good lighting and a stable surface. Make sure the injection site is easily accessible.
- Pinch or Spread the Skin: With your non-dominant hand, hold the skin firmly at the injection site. The specific technique (pinching or spreading) depends on the type of injection and the patient's body mass.
- Insert the Needle: Insert the needle into the skin at the correct angle (90 degrees for intramuscular, 45 degrees for subcutaneous). Use a quick, dart-like motion.
- Inject the Medication: Slowly and steadily inject the medication.
- Withdraw the Needle: Once the medication is injected, withdraw the needle at the same angle it was inserted.
- Apply Pressure: Immediately apply gentle pressure to the injection site with a clean cotton ball or gauze pad. Do not massage the area, as this can sometimes increase irritation.
- Dispose of the Syringe and Needle: Immediately dispose of the used syringe and needle in a sharps container. Never recap a used needle.
Important Considerations
- Needle Size: Select the appropriate needle length and gauge based on the type of injection, the patient's size, and the medication being administered.
- Injection Angle: Use the correct injection angle (90 degrees for intramuscular, 45 degrees for subcutaneous).
- Rotation of Injection Sites: Rotate injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy (lumps under the skin) and ensure consistent absorption of the medication.
- Pain Management: If the patient experiences pain or discomfort during the injection, consider using techniques such as applying ice to the injection site beforehand or using a distraction method.
- Consultation: If you are unsure about any aspect of the injection process, consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance.
