Shading inks create a varied tonal effect on paper, resulting in darker and lighter areas within a single stroke. This isn't due to any special pigment, but rather the ink's properties and interaction with the pen and paper.
The Science of Shading
The effect is achieved primarily through the ink's variable saturation. As described in various sources like Mountain of Ink, shading inks pool differently on the paper's surface. This uneven distribution leads to areas of higher ink concentration (darker) and lower concentration (lighter).
Several factors contribute to this:
- Ink Viscosity: Thicker inks tend to shade more readily because they don't flow as smoothly, creating variations in the ink's deposit.
- Pen Nib: Larger nibs (Medium, Broad, Stub) generally produce more pronounced shading due to the greater ink flow. As noted on Goldspot Pens, a generous amount of ink is needed to showcase shading effectively. Fine nibs, on the other hand, often produce more uniform lines.
- Paper Type: The absorbency of the paper plays a significant role. More absorbent paper can lead to faster ink drying and less shading, while smoother paper allows for more ink pooling and consequently, more pronounced shading. A Reddit discussion on r/fountainpens notes that the shading effect can remind users of cheaper ballpoint pens due to the variability. This contrast highlights the unique qualities of shading inks in fountain pens.
- Writing Angle and Pressure: The angle at which the pen is held and the pressure applied also affect the ink flow and distribution, influencing the degree of shading.
- Ink Composition: While not explicitly stated, the chemical composition of the ink, including the pigment concentration and binders, also plays a role in how the ink flows and pools. The Fountain Pen Network touches upon this, mentioning that added water can increase shading effects.
Examples of Shading
Consider writing the letter "o." With a shading ink and a suitable pen, the top of the "o" might appear lighter than the bottom, demonstrating how ink pools differently due to gravity and writing technique.
