According to the provided reference, the essential components of instructional teaching are identified as four phases of instruction—Introduction, Presentation of Content, Practice and Application—and the integral element of Feedback, which is incorporated throughout these phases.
For effective instructional teaching focused on achieving intended learning outcomes, a structured approach is followed. This approach typically involves moving through specific phases designed to build student understanding and skill.
Essential Phases of Instruction
The reference outlines four key phases for each unit or module:
Introduction
This initial phase sets the stage for learning. It's where the topic is introduced, potentially activating prior knowledge or explaining the relevance and goals of the upcoming content.
Presentation of Content
In this phase, the core information, concepts, and skills are delivered to the learners. This is where the main subject matter is taught directly.
Practice and Application
Following the presentation, learners are given opportunities to actively engage with the material. This phase allows students to practice new skills or apply concepts in various contexts, solidifying their understanding.
Key Component: Feedback
Beyond the sequential phases, the reference highlights Feedback as a crucial and integral component of instruction. Feedback is not limited to a single phase but should be woven into the planning and execution of every phase of instruction.
- Purpose: Feedback is essential for improving student learning.
- Integration: It should be planned for and delivered consistently from the Introduction through the Practice and Application phases.
Here's a simple breakdown of how these components relate:
| Component | Description (Based on Reference) | Role of Feedback |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | Sets the stage; introduces the topic/goals. | Integrated: Can check prior knowledge, clarify goals. |
| Presentation of Content | Delivery of core information, concepts, skills. | Integrated: Can check understanding as content is delivered. |
| Practice and Application | Opportunities for learners to actively use material. | Integrated: Essential for guiding and correcting practice. |
| Feedback | Key component; included in planning at every phase. | Improves student learning throughout all phases. |
By structuring instruction through these phases and embedding feedback throughout the process, educators can effectively guide learners towards achieving their intended learning outcomes.
