How Do We Get Insulin?
Insulin, a crucial hormone regulating blood sugar, is primarily obtained through two methods: naturally and synthetically.
Your body naturally produces insulin in the pancreas. Specifically, beta cells within the pancreas create and release insulin into the bloodstream, where it helps your body utilize glucose for energy. This is the ideal way for the body to manage blood sugar. [Reference: Insulin is a hormone your body makes that helps it control your blood sugar level and metabolism — the process that turns the food you eat into energy. Your pancreas makes insulin and releases it into your bloodstream.]
Synthetic Insulin Production: A Historical Overview
For individuals with diabetes whose pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or whose bodies don't respond properly (insulin resistance), external sources are necessary. Historically, animal sources provided insulin.
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Animal-Sourced Insulin: For many years, insulin was extracted from the pancreases of pigs and cattle. [Reference: Animal-sourced insulin is made from preparations of beef or pork pancreases, and has been used safely to manage diabetes for many years.] While effective, animal-sourced insulin had limitations, sometimes causing allergic reactions. [Reference: Insulin from cattle and pigs was used for many years to treat diabetes and saved millions of lives, but it wasn't perfect, as it caused allergic reactions.]
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Recombinant DNA Technology: Modern insulin production relies on recombinant DNA technology. This process involves inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria or yeast cells, which then produce human insulin. This synthetic human insulin is virtually identical to the insulin your body produces and significantly reduces the risk of allergic reactions. [Reference: A National Historic Chemical Landmark Dedicated at the Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center on March 27, 2023. (This reference implies a significant advancement in insulin production technology.)]
Obtaining Insulin: Methods of Administration
Regardless of the source (natural or synthetic), insulin needs to be administered to those with diabetes who require it. Common methods include:
- Syringes: Direct injection using syringes is a widely used method. [Reference: Syringes deliver insulin through a needle. Your doctor will tell you how much insulin you need per dose.]
- Insulin Pens: Pre-filled pens offer convenience and precise dosing.
- Insulin Pumps: These devices provide a continuous supply of insulin via a catheter inserted under the skin. [While this isn't explicitly stated in the provided references, it is a common and well-known method.]
Conclusion
Understanding how we obtain insulin, both naturally and through technological advancements, is crucial for managing diabetes effectively. The availability of safe and effective insulin therapies has dramatically improved the lives of millions.
