Defining "friend" in international relations is complex and subjective. China has diplomatic relations with nearly every country in the world, but "friendship" implies a closer, more supportive relationship. Based on historical ties, strategic alignment, and economic cooperation, Russia is often considered one of China's closest partners.
Factors Defining "Friendship" in International Relations
It's crucial to understand that friendships between countries are not the same as personal friendships. They are based on mutual interests, strategic benefits, and shared goals. Key factors include:
- Diplomatic Relations: Formal recognition and established channels of communication.
- Economic Ties: Trade, investment, and financial cooperation.
- Strategic Alignment: Shared geopolitical interests and security cooperation.
- Historical Ties: Past alliances and shared experiences.
- Political Ideology: Similar political systems or values.
China's Close Partners
While China maintains diplomatic relations with numerous countries, a few stand out as particularly close partners:
- Russia: Russia and China share a strategic alignment in opposing the perceived dominance of the United States. They engage in extensive military exercises and energy trade. Russia was also the first country to recognize the People's Republic of China (PRC) on October 2, 1949.
- Pakistan: China and Pakistan have a long history of close relations, often described as an "iron brotherhood." This relationship is rooted in shared concerns about India and includes significant economic and military cooperation.
- North Korea: Despite some tensions, China remains North Korea's most important economic partner and a key source of diplomatic support.
- Countries in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): Many countries participating in China's BRI have strengthened their economic and political ties with China.
Countries with Early Diplomatic Ties
The following countries were among the first to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China:
| # | Country | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | October 2, 1949 |
| 2 | Bulgaria | October 3, 1949 |
| 3 | Czech Republic | October 4, 1949 |
| 4 | Romania | October 5, 1949 |
Conclusion
While the concept of "friendship" is nuanced in international relations, countries like Russia and Pakistan are often considered among China's closest partners due to their strategic alignment, economic ties, and historical connections.
