The Abbasid Caliphate was destroyed by the Mongol invasion.
The Abbasid Caliphate, the second great dynasty of the Muslim empire, rose to power by overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 CE. It flourished for centuries, becoming a center of culture, science, and philosophy, particularly during the Golden Age of Islam. Baghdad served as its capital and a hub for intellectual and economic activity.
However, the Abbasid Caliphate gradually weakened due to internal conflicts, political fragmentation, and the rise of independent dynasties within its territory. By the 13th century, its power was significantly diminished.
The final blow came in 1258 CE with the Mongol invasion led by Hulagu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan. The Mongols besieged and captured Baghdad, brutally sacking the city and massacring its inhabitants. The last Abbasid Caliph, Al-Musta'sim, was executed, effectively ending the Abbasid Caliphate's political authority.
In summary, while internal weaknesses contributed to its decline, the Mongol invasion directly resulted in the destruction of the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258.
