The alternative to ghusl (ritual purification bath) in Islam is Tayammum.
Tayammum: Dry Ablution
Tayammum (Arabic: تيمم) is the act of dry ablution performed using clean earth, sand, stone, or dust when water is unavailable, insufficient, or its use is harmful due to illness or injury. It serves as a substitute for both wudu (minor ablution) and ghusl (major ablution) under specific circumstances.
When is Tayammum Permitted?
Tayammum becomes permissible under the following conditions:
- Lack of Water: When no clean water is readily available within a reasonable distance. The definition of "reasonable distance" varies based on circumstance and Islamic legal interpretation, but generally includes considerations for hardship.
- Inability to Use Water: When using water poses a threat to one's health, such as when suffering from moisture-induced skin conditions, illnesses exacerbated by water exposure, or other physical impairments.
- Water is Available but Needed for Survival: If the available water is needed for drinking by oneself or others (including animals), tayammum becomes permissible.
How to Perform Tayammum
The steps involved in performing Tayammum are as follows:
- Intention (Niyyah): Make the intention (niyyah) to perform tayammum for purification. This intention should be sincere and directed towards Allah.
- Striking the Hands: Strike both hands lightly on clean earth, sand, stone, or dust.
- Wiping the Face: Wipe the entire face once with the palms of both hands.
- Wiping the Hands: Wipe the right hand with the left hand from the back of the hand to the fingertips, then wipe the left hand with the right hand in the same manner.
Things that Invalidate Tayammum
Tayammum becomes invalid under the following circumstances:
- Availability of Water: If water becomes available before performing prayer.
- Removal of Impediment: If the reason for performing tayammum (e.g., illness) is removed before performing prayer.
- Acts that Nullify Wudu: Actions that invalidate wudu also invalidate tayammum, such as breaking wind, urination, or deep sleep.
Importance of Niyyah (Intention)
The intention (Niyyah) is crucial in all acts of worship in Islam, including tayammum. The niyyah signifies the purpose and sincerity behind the act. Without a valid intention, the act is not considered valid in Islamic jurisprudence.
