While not all Muslims reject Sufism, some do, primarily due to the perception that it deviates from mainstream Islamic teachings and practices. These objections often stem from concerns about innovation, veneration of saints, and perceived pantheistic tendencies.
Here's a breakdown of common reasons:
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Perceived Innovations (Bid'ah): Some Muslims believe Sufi practices, such as specific forms of dhikr (remembrance of God), music, and dance used in worship, are innovations (bid'ah) that were not part of the original practices of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions. In Islam, introducing new practices in worship is often viewed negatively.
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Veneration of Saints (Awliya): Sufism places a strong emphasis on the role of saints (awliya) as intermediaries between God and humans. Some Muslims believe this veneration can lead to a form of idolatry or associating partners with God (shirk), which is strictly forbidden in Islam. Practices like visiting the tombs of saints and seeking their intercession are often points of contention.
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Pantheistic Tendencies (Wahdat al-Wujud): Certain Sufi philosophies, particularly the concept of Wahdat al-Wujud (Unity of Being), which posits that everything is ultimately a manifestation of God, are seen by some as contradicting the Islamic doctrine of God's transcendence and distinctness from creation. Critics argue that this idea blurs the lines between the Creator and the created.
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Focus on Mystical Experience over Exoteric Law: Some critics argue that Sufism prioritizes mystical experiences and inward spirituality over adherence to the outward observances of Islamic law (Sharia). They believe that strict adherence to the Sharia is essential for true faith and that Sufism can lead to neglecting these obligations.
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Political and Social Concerns: As highlighted in the provided reference, some political and social reformers have viewed Sufism as backward and hindering societal development. This perspective often stems from the belief that Sufi orders can be politically passive or resistant to modern reforms, exemplified by Kemal Atatürk's closure of Sufi lodges in Turkey in 1925.
In summary, the rejection of Sufism by some Muslims arises from concerns about perceived deviations from core Islamic beliefs and practices, particularly regarding innovation, veneration of saints, pantheistic tendencies, and the balance between mystical experience and adherence to Islamic law. Furthermore, certain historical and political contexts have contributed to negative views of Sufism as an impediment to social progress.
