No, we cannot pray obligatory (fard) namaz (Islamic prayer) on behalf of a deceased person to fulfill their missed prayers.
Explanation
While performing missed obligatory prayers on behalf of the deceased isn't permissible in Islam, there are other beneficial actions that can be taken. The rationale behind this is that namaz is a personal obligation, a direct right of Allah upon each Muslim. Unlike obligations like fasting or Hajj, which can sometimes be fulfilled by others, namaz is considered a strictly individual duty. There is no textual basis in Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia) that allows for someone else to pray the obligatory prayers on behalf of a deceased person.
Instead of praying namaz for them, the following acts are recommended:
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Making Supplication (Dua): Offer sincere dua (supplication) for the deceased, asking Allah to grant them mercy, forgiveness, and elevate their status in the afterlife. This is a highly encouraged and beneficial practice.
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Giving Charity (Sadaqah): Giving charity in the name of the deceased is another excellent way to benefit them. The reward for this charity will reach them, and it can help alleviate any burdens they may have in the afterlife.
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Performing Hajj or Umrah: Performing Hajj or Umrah on behalf of the deceased is permissible, especially if they had intended to perform it but were unable to do so due to circumstances beyond their control.
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Fulfilling their Debts: Settling any outstanding debts the deceased may have had is crucial. This ensures that their obligations to others are fulfilled.
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Paying Fidyah: Some scholars allow for fidyah (expiation) to be paid for missed fasts of the deceased under specific conditions. This typically involves feeding a needy person for each fast that was missed. However, this is specifically for fasting, not namaz.
In summary, while offering missed namaz on behalf of the deceased is not a valid practice, engaging in dua, giving charity, and fulfilling their outstanding obligations are highly recommended actions that can benefit them greatly.
