According to Islamic teachings derived from the Qur'an and Hadith, human fetal development in the womb is generally categorized into four key stages: nuthfah, 'alaqah, mudghah, and nafkhur ruh (blowing of the spirit).
Here's a more detailed breakdown of each stage:
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Nuthfah (Drop/Mixture): This stage refers to the initial formation of the zygote, the result of the union of the sperm and egg. It is often described as a minute drop of fluid or a mixed fluid. This is the very beginning of life as we know it from an Islamic perspective.
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'Alaqah (Clot/Hanging Thing): This stage describes the embryo as it implants in the uterine wall. The term 'alaqah can be interpreted as a "blood clot," a "leech-like substance," or something that clings or hangs. It represents the embryo's dependence on the mother for sustenance and its physical appearance at this point.
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Mudghah (Chewed Lump): In this stage, the embryo develops further and takes on a more defined form. The term "mudghah" literally means "chewed lump of flesh," suggesting a resemblance to something that has been chewed, reflecting the early development of somites (segments) along the embryo's back.
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Nafkhur Ruh (Blowing of the Spirit): This is the stage where the fetus is believed to be endowed with a soul. While the exact timing is not explicitly stated, it is generally understood to occur after the mudghah stage. This stage marks a significant transition as the fetus is considered a living being with a spirit.
These stages are often cited in Islamic discussions on embryology and are used to highlight the miraculous nature of human development as described in the Qur'an.
