The International Space Station (ISS) isn't controlled by a single entity but is a collaborative effort. Five space agencies share responsibility for its operation and maintenance:
- NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration): The United States' space agency plays a significant role.
- Roscosmos (State Space Corporation Roscosmos): Russia's space agency is another key partner. Importantly, they currently control the ISS's propulsion systems, crucial for maintaining its orbit.
- ESA (European Space Agency): Representing European nations, the ESA contributes significantly to the station's operations.
- JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency): Japan's contribution is vital to the ISS's overall functionality.
- CSA (Canadian Space Agency): Canada also contributes to the ISS program.
Each agency is responsible for managing specific modules, systems, and research activities. While control is shared, Roscosmos currently maintains control of vital propulsion systems. The legal framework establishes shared responsibility among these five partners for the station's overall operation and upkeep. Further, mission control centers, like NASA's, actively manage the ISS's day-to-day operations with teams of engineers and technicians working around the clock.
Even student groups sometimes have limited, controlled access to robotic systems on the ISS for educational experiments. This demonstrates the collaborative and international nature of ISS operations.
