Flushing an intravenous (IV) cannula with normal saline is a crucial step in maintaining its patency and preventing complications. Normal saline, a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride, is biocompatible with the body's fluids and tissues. It serves several vital purposes:
Maintaining Cannula Patency
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Clears obstructions: Normal saline effectively flushes out blood clots, fibrin buildup, and residual medication from the catheter, preventing blockages that could impede the flow of fluids or medications. [Reference: PMC7192095, ivWatch, Drugs.com] This is especially important after administering medications or when disconnecting infusion sets. [Reference: RCH Clinical Guideline]
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Prevents occlusion: By regularly flushing the cannula, the risk of occlusion (complete blockage) is significantly reduced, ensuring the IV line remains functional. [Reference: ivWatch]
Reducing Infection Risk
- Keeps the line clean: The saline flush washes away potential sources of infection, including bacteria or other contaminants that could enter through the cannula site. [Reference: ivWatch]
Other Uses
- Dispersing contrast media: In angiography, saline flushes help disperse contrast media, improving image quality and minimizing artifacts. [Reference: Wikipedia]
- Locking the cannula: After use, flushing with saline helps "lock" the cannula, preventing clotting and maintaining its readiness for future use. [Reference: OpenTextBC]
In summary, flushing an IV cannula with normal saline is a fundamental nursing procedure that prevents complications, keeps the line patent, and reduces infection risks. The use of normal saline is preferred due to its biocompatibility and effectiveness in clearing the cannula of obstructions. [Reference: BD, AD Surgical, JournalAJRNH]
