Applying a tourniquet correctly is crucial for successful IV insertion. The goal is to temporarily occlude venous return, distending the veins and making them easier to visualize and cannulate. Here's how, based on the provided reference:
Steps for Tourniquet Application:
- Position: Place the tourniquet approximately 4-6 inches above the intended insertion site.
- Application: Wrap the tourniquet around the limb.
- Securing:
- Cross the tourniquet over itself.
- Tuck the end in, leaving a small portion sticking out for easy release after venipuncture or IV insertion.
- Assessment: Check the radial pulse. The tourniquet should impede venous outflow but not arterial inflow. You should still be able to palpate a pulse. If you cannot, the tourniquet is too tight.
Key Considerations:
- Timing: The tourniquet should not be left in place for longer than 1-2 minutes to avoid patient discomfort and potential complications like hemoconcentration.
- Release: After successful IV insertion, promptly release the tourniquet.
- Alternative: In some cases, a blood pressure cuff inflated to just below diastolic pressure may be used as a tourniquet.
- Patient Comfort: Ask the patient if the tourniquet feels too tight.
- Special Populations: Be cautious when applying a tourniquet to patients with fragile skin or bleeding disorders.
