Jaw disease, more accurately described as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), encompasses over 30 conditions causing pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint or TMJ) and its controlling muscles. Each person has two TMJs, one on either side of the jaw. These disorders affect the ability to move the jaw smoothly and comfortably.
Symptoms of Jaw Disease (TMDs)
Symptoms vary widely, but common indicators include:
- Jaw pain or tenderness: This can be localized to the jaw or radiate to surrounding areas. Pain is often worse in the morning or late afternoon.
- Pain in the temporomandibular joints: Discomfort may be felt in one or both joints.
- Earache: Aching pain around or within the ear is a common symptom.
- Difficulty chewing: Opening and closing the mouth, or chewing food, may become difficult or painful.
- Headaches: TMDs can cause headaches, sometimes migraines, especially upon waking.
- Neck and shoulder pain: Pain can extend to the neck and shoulders.
- Limited jaw movement: The range of motion in the jaw may be restricted.
Causes of Jaw Disease (TMDs)
Several factors contribute to the development of TMDs, including:
- Teeth grinding (bruxism): This puts excessive stress on the jaw joint and muscles.
- Jaw injuries: Fractures, dislocations, or other injuries can disrupt the joint's function.
- Arthritis: Degenerative changes in the joint can cause pain and inflammation.
- Misaligned teeth: Improper bite alignment puts strain on the jaw joint.
- Stress: Psychological stress can exacerbate TMD symptoms.
- Genetics: A predisposition to TMD may be inherited.
- Autoimmune diseases: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can affect the jaw joint.
- Underlying dental disease: Pre-existing dental problems can contribute to TMD development.
Specific causes can vary, and often, it is a combination of factors rather than a single cause.
Additional Information from Sources
Several reputable sources (Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, etc.) confirm the information provided above regarding the prevalence, symptoms, and causes of TMDs. These sources highlight that the conditions are relatively common and can significantly impact quality of life. There are various treatments available, ranging from conservative measures (e.g., pain relief, stress management) to more invasive options such as surgery, as determined by a healthcare professional. It's important to consult a dentist or other appropriate healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
