Based on the provided reference, Jesus primarily called God "Father," using both Greek and Aramaic terms. He also referred to God using other significant titles common in the New Testament.
In the New Testament, several key terms are used to refer to God the Father. According to the reference, the essential uses include Greek terms like Theos, Kyrios, and Patēr, as well as the Aramaic word Abba.
Key Terms Jesus Used for God
Jesus' relationship with God was uniquely intimate, often reflected in how he addressed and spoke about God. While various terms are used for God in the New Testament writings reflecting Jesus' life and teachings, the reference highlights the following:
- Patēr (πατήρ): This is the Greek word for "Father." Jesus frequently referred to God as his Father and taught his disciples to pray to God as "Our Father." This term emphasizes a personal, familial relationship with God.
- Abba (אבא): This is an Aramaic word that also means "Father." It's a more intimate and personal term, often translated as "Daddy" or "Papa," although "Father" is the standard translation. The reference specifically notes that Jesus used this term in a moment of deep prayer in Mark 14:36. It also appears in the writings of the Apostle Paul (Romans 8:15, Galatians 4:6), reflecting how early Christians adopted this intimate way of addressing God.
- Theos (θεός): This is the standard Greek word for "God." Jesus certainly referred to God using this general term in various contexts.
- Kyrios: This Greek term translates to "Lord." It signifies authority and sovereignty. Jesus and others in the New Testament used this term for God, acknowledging His ultimate power and position.
The Significance of "Father" and "Abba"
While Jesus used terms like "God" (Theos) and "Lord" (Kyrios), his frequent and characteristic use of "Father" (Patēr) and the intimate "Abba" is particularly notable. It underscores the close and unique relationship Jesus had with God and reveals the nature of the relationship believers are invited into through him. Using "Abba" in prayer, as Jesus did in Mark 14:36, demonstrates a profound sense of trust and dependence.
Here is a summary of the terms from the reference:
| Term | Language | Meaning | Usage Noted in Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theos | Greek | God | Essential use for God the Father in the New Testament |
| Kyrios | Greek | Lord | Essential use for God the Father in the New Testament |
| Patēr | Greek | Father | Essential use for God the Father in the New Testament |
| Abba (אבא) | Aramaic | Father | Used by Jesus in Mark 14:36; also in Romans 8:15, Galatians 4:6 |
Therefore, based on the provided reference, Jesus called God primarily "Father" (Patēr, Abba) and also used terms like "God" (Theos) and "Lord" (Kyrios).
