One way to harden copper jewelry is by work hardening it using tools like a rawhide mallet and a steel block.
The video reference demonstrates work hardening an ear wire, a common technique in jewelry making to increase the metal's strength and durability. This process involves repeatedly hitting the copper with a tool, causing the metal's crystalline structure to become more compact and less pliable.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
- Tools Needed:
- Steel block: Provides a solid, non-yielding surface for hammering.
- Chasing hammer or rawhide mallet: Used to apply controlled force to the copper. A rawhide mallet is often preferred to avoid marring the surface of the copper.
- The Work Hardening Process:
- Place the copper piece (e.g., ear wire) on the steel block.
- Gently and repeatedly tap the copper with the rawhide mallet. The key is to apply consistent pressure and even blows along the entire piece. This process compresses the copper's internal structure, increasing its hardness.
- Regular tapping is important.
Why Work Harden Copper Jewelry?
- Increased Durability: Hardened copper is less likely to bend or deform under stress, making it more suitable for jewelry that's worn regularly.
- Shape Retention: Hardening helps jewelry pieces maintain their shape, especially delicate components like ear wires or clasps.
- Polishing Benefits: Harder copper can achieve a smoother, more reflective finish when polished.
Important Considerations:
- Work hardening makes the copper more brittle, so it may eventually crack if overworked.
- Annealing (heating) can be used to soften the copper again if it becomes too hard to work with. This involves heating the copper to a specific temperature and then allowing it to cool slowly.
