What is a Grind Test?
A grind test is a physical examination technique used to assess joint pain and diagnose conditions like osteoarthritis. The specific method varies depending on the joint being examined.
Several joints have associated grind tests:
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Thumb Carpometacarpal (CMC) Grind Test: This test focuses on the base of the thumb. The examiner grips the metacarpal bone of the thumb, moves it in a circle, and applies gentle axial force. Pain and/or crepitus (a crackling sound) indicate possible osteoarthritis of the CMC joint. [Source: Physiopedia, Physiotutors, PubMed (20452743), PubMed (PMC4920516)] This test has demonstrated moderate reliability in diagnosing CMC osteoarthritis.
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Patellar Grind Test (Clarke's Sign): This assesses knee pain, potentially indicating cartilage breakdown in the patellofemoral joint. The examiner presses just above the kneecap while the patient gently contracts their quadriceps muscle. Pain during this contraction suggests potential patellofemoral issues. [Source: Cleveland Clinic, Physiopedia]
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Subacromial Grind Test: This test evaluates the shoulder, specifically the supraspinatus tendon. The accuracy of this test in diagnosing supraspinatus tendon tears is under investigation, with studies showing varying results. [Source: PubMed (25937773), PubMed (PMC4410470)]
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Apley Grind Test: This test is used to evaluate the meniscus of the knee. [Source: Wikipedia]
How Grind Tests Work
Grind tests generally involve applying pressure and movement to a specific joint to assess for pain or crepitus. The presence of pain or a crackling sound during the test suggests possible joint damage or inflammation. The exact procedure differs depending on the joint being examined.
Interpreting the Results
A positive grind test (pain or crepitus) suggests the possibility of joint pathology, but further investigations are often needed for definitive diagnosis. The test's results are often considered alongside other clinical findings.
