Measuring the range of motion of the Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) joint is typically done using a goniometer. This tool helps quantify the angular movement available at the joint, specifically measuring flexion and extension.
Understanding the DIP Joint
The DIP joint is the joint closest to the fingertip, connecting the middle phalanx to the distal phalanx of each finger (and toe). Assessing its range of motion is important for evaluating hand function after injury or in conditions affecting the joints.
Measuring DIP Joint Extension
Based on the provided reference regarding Range of Motion Measurement for Finger Distal Interphalangeal Extension, the process using a goniometer involves specific steps and anatomical landmarks:
- Positioning: The subject should be comfortably positioned with their hand supported.
- Goniometer Placement:
- The goniometer has three parts: a stationary arm, a moving arm, and a fulcrum (axis).
- Place the fulcrum of the goniometer over the dorsal aspect (back) of the DIP joint axis of rotation.
- Align the stationary arm along the dorsal midline of the middle phalanx.
- Align the moving arm over the dorsal midline of the distal phalanx. As the reference states, "And the moving arm will be over the dorsal midline of the distal. Feelings."
- Movement: Instruct the subject to actively extend their finger as far as possible. The reference prompts, "Go ahead extend your finger." While extending, ensure the goniometer's moving arm follows the movement of the distal phalanx, "Making sure to follow that middle failings and that is extension of the dip joint."
- Reading: Read the angle indicated on the goniometer when maximum extension is achieved. Normal DIP extension is typically considered 0 degrees, though some individuals may have a few degrees of hyperextension.
Goniometer Placement Summary
Here's a quick overview of the goniometer placement for measuring DIP extension as described:
| Goniometer Part | Placement |
|---|---|
| Fulcrum | Dorsal aspect of the DIP joint axis |
| Stationary Arm | Dorsal midline of the middle phalanx |
| Moving Arm | Dorsal midline of the distal phalanx |
Note: While the reference focuses on extension, measuring flexion follows a similar principle, assessing the maximum angle the joint can bend.
Measuring joint range of motion with a goniometer provides objective data that can track progress during rehabilitation or monitor changes in joint mobility.
