Artificial joints, also known as prostheses, replace damaged or diseased joints to restore movement and relieve pain. They function by mimicking the natural movement of a healthy joint.
Components of an Artificial Joint
Artificial joints are typically made from durable materials:
- Metal: Provides strength and stability.
- Plastic: Reduces friction and allows for smooth movement.
- Ceramic: Offers a hard, smooth surface with low wear.
How Artificial Joints Are Installed
The prosthesis is carefully inserted into the bone to replace the damaged joint. There are different methods of securing it:
- Cemented: The prosthesis is attached using a special bone cement.
- Non-cemented: The prosthesis is designed with a porous surface, allowing the bone to grow into it over time for secure integration.
- Sometimes, a combination of both methods is used to ensure stability.
- Your doctor will discuss the best approach for your specific needs.
Key Functions and Benefits
Artificial joints aim to:
- Restore mobility and range of motion.
- Alleviate pain caused by damaged joints.
- Improve overall quality of life.
- Provide stability to the joint.
Example
For instance, a hip replacement might include a metal stem inserted into the femur (thigh bone) and a metal or ceramic ball that fits into a plastic socket placed in the pelvis. This allows the hip to rotate smoothly.
Decision-Making
The specific type of prosthesis and method of attachment (cemented or non-cemented) is determined by several factors, including:
- Age and activity level of the patient.
- The condition of the existing bone.
- The specific joint involved.
In summary, artificial joints act as replacements for damaged joints, using materials that are biocompatible and designed to replicate natural movement. According to the reference, "A new joint, called a prosthesis (praas-THEE-sis), can be made of metal, plastic, or ceramic parts. It may be cemented into place or not cemented, so that your bone will grow into it." These prostheses restore joint function and reduce pain.
