Several factors can weaken or destroy keratin, a protein crucial for hair, skin, and nails. The process often involves two steps: sulfitolysis and proteolysis.
Chemical Agents
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Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs): These acids, such as glycolic acid and salicylic acid, are used in many skincare products to exfoliate the skin by removing keratin plugs. [12-Jul-2024] They effectively break down keratin, smoothing the skin's surface.
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Sodium Chloride (Salt): High concentrations of salt can strip keratin from hair quickly. [Jun 8, 2023] This is why it's sometimes used to remove keratin treatments, though this method can be harsh and damaging.
Physical Agents
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High Heat: Excessive heat, above 300°F (149°C), alters the structure of keratin strands, converting α-keratin to β-keratin, leading to damage. https://www.dyson.com/discover/insights/hair/health/how-does-heat-damage-hair This is relevant to hair styling tools like straighteners and curling irons.
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Radiation: Laser hair removal uses radiation to kill keratin-producing cells in the dermis, resulting in hair loss. [Apr 1, 2016]
Biological Processes
- Proteolytic Enzymes: Keratinolytic processes involve proteolysis, which is the breakdown of proteins like keratin by enzymes. [Aug 16, 2018] This is a natural process, but it can be accelerated by certain factors.
Keratin Treatments and Damage
While keratin treatments aim to improve hair health, the high heat used in application and the chemicals involved can paradoxically damage hair if not done correctly or overused. [Jan 10, 2024] Repeated treatments can lead to cumulative damage. [Jan 19, 2024]
It's important to note that the "destruction" of keratin can range from a controlled breakdown for exfoliation to severe damage caused by excessive heat or harsh chemicals. The context matters significantly in determining the degree of keratin affected and the methods involved.
