What Organ Produces Keratin?
Keratin is produced by keratinocytes. These specialized cells are the main cells found in the epidermis (the outer layer of skin), and also contribute to the structure of hair and nails.
-
Skin: Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that forms the skin's protective barrier. The specific types of keratin produced vary depending on the location within the epidermis. As noted in the provided reference material, "Keratins produced in the suprabasal cells of the soft-keratinizing and cornifying epidermis of the skin differ from the keratins produced in the suprabasal epithelial cells of the hard-keratinizing and cornifying epidermis of the hair cortex, hair cuticle or plate of the human fingernail." This highlights the diverse roles keratin plays in different parts of the skin.
-
Hair and Nails: Keratinocytes are also responsible for keratin production in hair and nails, giving them their strength and structure. The hard keratin found here differs from the softer keratin in the skin.
-
Internal Organs and Glands: While primarily associated with skin, hair, and nails, keratin is also present in various internal organs and glands. However, the specific keratinocytes responsible for this production are less well-defined.
The Cleveland Clinic (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23204-keratin) confirms that keratin is a naturally occurring protein "in your hair, nails, skin, glands and organs". Further, StatPearls (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470464/) states that keratinocytes "produce keratin and lipids essential for forming the epidermal water barrier". WebMD (https://www.webmd.com/beauty/cosmetic-procedures-overview-skin) supports this, stating that "Keratinocytes produce the protein known as keratin, the main part of the epidermis."
Keratin: A Protective Protein
Keratin's primary function is protection. It provides a tough, waterproof barrier for the skin, protecting against environmental damage. It also contributes to the strength and durability of hair and nails.
