When your kidneys produce too much protein (which isn't the typical scenario, as kidneys are usually responsible for filtering protein, not producing it), it typically indicates kidney damage, leading to proteinuria, where protein leaks into the urine. This section explains what happens when this occurs.
Understanding Proteinuria
Normally, healthy kidneys prevent protein from leaking out of the blood and into the urine. When the kidneys are damaged, they can't filter protein properly, leading to elevated levels of protein in the urine. This condition is known as proteinuria.
Symptoms of Proteinuria
While early stages of proteinuria may not cause noticeable symptoms, as the condition progresses and the kidneys become more damaged, symptoms can include:
- Foamy, frothy, or bubbly urine: This is often one of the first noticeable signs, due to the protein content.
- Swelling (edema): This can occur in the hands, feet, ankles, belly, and face due to fluid retention caused by the protein loss.
- Urinating more often: Increased urinary frequency can occur.
Causes of Proteinuria
Proteinuria isn't caused by kidneys producing too much protein, but rather by the kidneys being damaged, resulting in them filtering protein inefficiently. Various conditions can lead to kidney damage and proteinuria, including:
- Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys over time (diabetic nephropathy).
- High blood pressure (hypertension): Uncontrolled high blood pressure can also damage the kidneys.
- Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli).
- Infections: Some infections can lead to kidney damage.
Potential Complications
If left untreated, proteinuria can lead to:
- Kidney failure: Progressive kidney damage can ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring dialysis or kidney transplant.
- Increased risk of cardiovascular disease: Proteinuria is associated with a higher risk of heart attack and stroke.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Proteinuria is typically diagnosed through a urine test to measure the amount of protein present. Further tests may be conducted to determine the underlying cause of kidney damage. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause and protecting the kidneys. This may involve:
- Medications: To control blood sugar, blood pressure, or suppress the immune system (in cases of glomerulonephritis).
- Dietary changes: A low-protein diet might be recommended in some cases to reduce the burden on the kidneys.
- Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking are beneficial for kidney health.
