Kidneys typically get big due to a buildup of urine inside them, a condition called hydronephrosis.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
Understanding Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis occurs when the kidney becomes swollen because urine cannot drain properly from the kidney to the bladder. This buildup causes the kidney to enlarge.
Causes of Urine Buildup
Several factors can lead to this urine buildup:
- Blockage in the Urinary Tract: Obstructions in the ureter (the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder) or the bladder itself can prevent urine from flowing normally. This blockage can be caused by:
- Kidney stones
- Blood clots
- Tumors
- Scar tissue
- Enlarged prostate (in men)
- Vesicoureteral Reflux: This condition occurs when urine flows backward from the bladder into the kidneys. This backflow can damage the kidneys over time and cause them to swell.
- Congenital Abnormalities: Some individuals are born with structural abnormalities in their urinary tract that can lead to hydronephrosis.
- Pregnancy: The expanding uterus during pregnancy can sometimes compress the ureters, leading to mild hydronephrosis.
- Infections: Severe urinary tract infections (UTIs) can sometimes cause swelling and inflammation that obstruct urine flow.
Implications of Enlarged Kidneys
Untreated hydronephrosis can lead to:
- Kidney damage
- Kidney failure
- High blood pressure
- UTIs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Hydronephrosis is typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Options may include:
- Drainage of urine: A catheter or nephrostomy tube can be used to drain urine directly from the kidney.
- Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to remove obstructions such as kidney stones or tumors, or to correct structural abnormalities.
- Medications: Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat underlying infections.
