Yes, kinetic art most often refers to three-dimensional works.
Kinetic art is a fascinating branch of art where movement is a central element, either generated internally by the artwork itself or externally by natural forces like wind or human interaction. While the concept of movement in art could theoretically encompass various forms, its most common manifestation today is indeed sculptural.
Based on current usage, the term kinetic art is widely applied to objects that exist in three dimensions and incorporate motion. As the reference states:
More pertinently speaking, kinetic art is a term that today most often refers to three-dimensional sculptures and figures such as mobiles that move naturally or are machine operated...
This highlights that when people discuss kinetic art in the contemporary sense, they are typically thinking of works you can walk around and view from multiple angles – sculptures that possess dynamic qualities.
Common Forms of Three-Dimensional Kinetic Art
Examples of 3D kinetic art frequently include:
- Mobiles: Sculptures suspended in the air, often balanced, that move with air currents.
- Sculptures with moving parts: Works incorporating motors, gears, or other mechanisms to create planned movements.
- Installations: Larger-scale pieces that might fill a space and involve movement.
Artists like George Rickey and Uli Aschenborn, mentioned in the reference, are known for creating such tangible, moving sculptures.
While historical or less common forms of kinetic art might exist that aren't strictly 3D (like light projections that move or appear to move), the predominant definition and application of the term in the art world today point specifically towards objects with volume and depth that incorporate motion.
Why is it Often 3D?
The emphasis on three-dimensionality in kinetic art likely stems from the inherent nature of movement in space. To create physical movement that artists and viewers can directly interact with or observe in real-world environments, a three-dimensional form provides the necessary structure and presence. A mobile hanging and turning, or a sculpture with parts rotating or shifting, inherently occupies and interacts with space in a 3D way.
In summary, while definitions can sometimes be fluid, the most current and widely accepted meaning of kinetic art centers on sculptures and other figures that are three-dimensional and designed to move.
