Your knees hyperextend when you walk due to a combination of factors that reduce stability and control in your knee joint. According to the available information, here are the primary reasons:
Understanding Knee Hyperextension
Knee hyperextension, also known as genu recurvatum, occurs when your knee joint extends beyond its normal range of motion. Instead of remaining straight, your knee bends backward slightly. This can lead to pain, instability, and long-term joint problems if not addressed.
Causes of Knee Hyperextension During Walking
Several factors can contribute to knee hyperextension while walking. The reference material highlights these key causes:
1. Ligament Laxity
- Explanation: Some individuals naturally have more flexible or "loose" ligaments. This inherent laxity means the ligaments surrounding the knee joint offer less resistance to movement, allowing the knee to extend further than it should. The reference specifies that individuals with naturally lax ligaments may be more prone to hyperextension because their knee joints have less stability.
- Impact: This is often congenital (present from birth) and can affect multiple joints in the body.
2. Muscular Imbalance
- Explanation: The muscles surrounding the knee play a crucial role in controlling its movement and stability. When these muscles are weak or imbalanced, they can't effectively support the joint and prevent hyperextension. The reference points out that weak or imbalanced muscles around the knee joint can contribute to hyperextension, as they may not provide adequate support.
- Specifically: Weak hamstrings (the muscles at the back of your thigh) and/or tight quadriceps (the muscles at the front of your thigh) are common contributors.
Contributing Factors
While the reference focuses on ligament laxity and muscular imbalance, other factors can also contribute to knee hyperextension:
- Posture: Poor posture, especially during walking, can place undue stress on the knees.
- Muscle Weakness due to Inactivity: Prolonged periods of inactivity can weaken the muscles surrounding the knee, increasing the risk of hyperextension.
- Neurological Conditions: Certain neurological conditions can affect muscle control and coordination, leading to knee hyperextension.
What Can You Do?
If you suspect you have knee hyperextension, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Possible interventions include:
- Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve balance and proprioception (body awareness).
- Orthotics: Shoe inserts to correct foot and ankle alignment, which can influence knee alignment.
- Bracing: Knee braces to provide external support and limit hyperextension.
- Addressing Posture: Consciously working on maintaining good posture while standing and walking.
