The knee joint primarily moves in a hinge-like fashion, allowing for flexion (bending) and extension (straightening). However, it also allows for limited rotational movement.
Knee Joint Movement Explained
Here's a breakdown of the knee joint's movement capabilities:
- Flexion: Bending the knee, decreasing the angle between the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone). Example: Bringing your heel towards your buttock.
- Extension: Straightening the knee, increasing the angle between the femur and tibia. Example: Standing upright with a straight leg.
- Rotation: The knee joint also allows for a few degrees of inward and outward rotation. This movement is facilitated by the menisci, which are located between the femur and tibia. According to the provided reference, the movable menisci make it possible to turn the knee "a few degrees inward and outward."
Structures Facilitating Movement
The movement of the knee joint is a complex interaction involving several structures:
- Bones: Femur, tibia, and patella (kneecap).
- Ligaments: Provide stability and limit excessive movement.
- Muscles: Responsible for initiating and controlling the movement.
- Menisci: Cartilaginous structures that improve joint congruity and facilitate rotation.
