The facets of knowledge are typically identified as explicit, implicit, and emancipatory.
Based on the provided reference, "Consequently, knowledge has three distinct but interrelated facets: explicit, implicit, and emancipatory knowledge." Understanding these facets helps in appreciating the multifaceted nature of how we know, share, and use information and understanding.
Understanding the Facets of Knowledge
Knowledge is more than just collected data or facts. It encompasses various forms, from what we can easily write down to what we know deep down through experience, and even the critical understanding that drives change. These three facets represent different dimensions of knowledge:
1. Explicit Knowledge
Explicit knowledge is the most formal and systematic type of knowledge. It is easily articulated, written down, and shared.
- Characteristics:
- Easily codified and documented (e.g., in manuals, reports, databases).
- Objective and rational.
- Can be transferred relatively easily between individuals or systems.
- Think of it as "know-what."
- Examples:
- Instruction manuals for assembling furniture.
- Database records of customer information.
- Scientific formulas and equations.
- Published books and research papers.
2. Implicit Knowledge (Tacit Knowledge)
Implicit knowledge, often referred to as tacit knowledge, is the knowledge that resides within individuals, gained through experience and practice. It is difficult to articulate or write down and is often transferred through observation, imitation, and hands-on experience.
- Characteristics:
- Highly personal and difficult to formalize.
- Rooted in actions, experiences, ideals, values, and emotions.
- Often referred to as "know-how."
- Requires trust and shared context for effective transfer.
- Examples:
- Knowing how to ride a bicycle.
- A craftsman's intuitive understanding of materials.
- The nuanced judgment of a skilled negotiator.
- Recognizing patterns based on years of experience in a field.
3. Emancipatory Knowledge
Emancipatory knowledge is the critical self-reflective understanding that allows individuals and groups to challenge assumptions, question existing structures, and work towards liberation from constraints or injustices. It's about understanding the "why" and seeking transformative action.
- Characteristics:
- Focuses on power dynamics and social structures.
- Aims at challenging norms and promoting change.
- Often involves critical thinking and questioning the status quo.
- Linked to concepts like critical pedagogy and social justice.
- Examples:
- Understanding the historical roots of social inequality.
- Critically analyzing media narratives to identify bias.
- Recognizing workplace power dynamics and advocating for fairer practices.
- Learning that empowers individuals to participate more effectively in democracy.
Comparing the Facets of Knowledge
Here's a brief overview highlighting the differences:
| Facet | Nature | Transferability | Form | Focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Explicit | Formal, Objective | Easy (codified) | Documented, Written | Facts, Data, Information |
| Implicit | Personal, Experiential | Difficult (requires trust) | Embodied, Unarticulated | Skills, Intuition, Know-how |
| Emancipatory | Critical, Self-Reflective | Context-dependent | Understanding, Insight | Challenging norms, Change |
These three facets are not isolated; they often interact and influence each other. Explicit knowledge can document aspects of implicit knowledge, while emancipatory knowledge often requires critical reflection on both explicit information and implicit experiences to drive meaningful change.
