LED light bulbs are powered by electricity which causes a semiconductor material within the bulb to emit light through a process called electroluminescence.
Understanding the Process
Here's a breakdown of how this process works:
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Electroluminescence: This is the fundamental principle behind LED lighting. When an electric current passes through a semiconductor material, the material emits photons (light).
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Semiconductor Material: The core of an LED bulb is the light-emitting diode (LED) itself, which is made of a semiconductor material. Common semiconductor materials include gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP).
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Power Supply: LED bulbs require a direct current (DC) power supply. Standard household electricity is alternating current (AC). Therefore, LED bulbs contain circuitry to convert AC power to the required DC voltage and current. This circuitry often includes a rectifier and a voltage regulator.
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Circuitry Components: Resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits are often included in the LED bulb's circuitry. These components regulate the current flow, protect the LED from voltage spikes, and ensure optimal performance.
In Summary
LED light bulbs utilize electricity flowing through a semiconductor to produce light. They require internal circuitry to convert AC power into the DC power needed by the LED. This conversion process, coupled with the properties of the semiconductor material, makes LED bulbs efficient and long-lasting light sources.
