Several factors can decrease lipolysis, the breakdown of fats stored in fat cells (adipocytes) to release fatty acids.
Hormonal Regulation
- Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1): These hormones are major inhibitors of lipolysis. They act through their respective receptors to reduce the breakdown of stored fats. [Reference: Enzymatic activity of ATGL is enhanced by CGI-58 and inhibited by G0S2 and HILPDA. FABP4 interacts with CGI-58 to further stimulate ATGL activity. Lipolysis is inhibited by insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) via insulin receptor or IGF receptor.19-Nov-2021] [Reference: Anti-Lipolysis Induced by Insulin in Diverse Pathophysiologic ... https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7227813/]
Other Inhibitory Factors
- Apelin: This peptide hormone negatively regulates lipolysis through pathways involving Gq, Gi, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). [Reference: Apelin Decreases Lipolysis via Gq, Gi, and AMPK-Dependent ... https://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0576] [Reference: Apelin decreases lipolysis via G(q), G(i), and AMPK-Dependent ... https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21047945/]
- Reduced ATGL Activity: Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a key enzyme in lipolysis. Reduced activity of ATGL can significantly impair the breakdown of fats. [Reference: Impact of Reduced ATGL-Mediated Adipocyte Lipolysis on Obesity ... https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4588821/]
- Aging: Studies suggest aging can lead to reduced lipolysis. For example, reduced expression of SLC7A14 in the hypothalamus is linked to age-related lipolysis impairment. [Reference: Hypothalamic SLC7A14 accounts for aging-reduced lipolysis in ... https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52059-1]
Impact and Considerations
Decreased lipolysis can have various effects on the body's metabolism, influencing factors like blood lipid levels and energy availability. The interplay of these factors is complex and depends on various physiological conditions.
