Lithium-ion batteries work by shuttling lithium ions between a positive electrode (cathode) and a negative electrode (anode) through an electrolyte.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
The Basics:
- Electrodes: The battery consists of two electrodes, the cathode and the anode, which store lithium ions.
- Electrolyte: A substance that allows lithium ions to move between the electrodes.
- Lithium Ions: These ions carry the charge within the battery.
Charging:
- A charger provides current to the battery.
- This current creates a potential difference between the cathode and anode.
- Lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode through the electrolyte.
- Energy is stored in the battery as lithium ions accumulate in the anode.
Discharging:
- When the battery is in use, lithium ions flow back from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte.
- This flow of lithium ions generates an electric current that powers the device.
- Energy is released from the battery as lithium ions return to the cathode.
In essence, a lithium-ion battery functions by reversibly storing and releasing energy as lithium ions travel between the cathode and anode through the electrolyte.
