High bilirubin levels in the blood can be caused by several diseases and conditions affecting the liver and biliary system. One common, relatively benign condition is Gilbert's syndrome.
Gilbert's Syndrome: A Common Cause of High Bilirubin
Gilbert's syndrome is a common, harmless liver condition where the liver doesn't efficiently process bilirubin, a yellowish-brown pigment in bile. This leads to a buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream, often causing jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Mayo Clinic describes it as a genetic disorder resulting in slightly higher than normal bilirubin levels. The Better Health Channel further explains that despite jaundice, Gilbert's syndrome is generally harmless.
Other Causes of High Bilirubin
Beyond Gilbert's syndrome, elevated bilirubin can indicate more serious health issues, including:
- Liver disease: Various liver diseases, ranging from hepatitis to cirrhosis, can impair the liver's ability to process bilirubin, leading to increased levels in the blood. Medical News Today and Cleveland Clinic both highlight liver disease as a significant cause of high bilirubin.
- Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can also cause elevated bilirubin.
- Certain cancers: Some cancers, particularly those affecting the liver, pancreas, or bile ducts, can obstruct bile flow, resulting in increased bilirubin levels.
- Gallstones: Blockages in the bile ducts caused by gallstones can prevent bilirubin from being eliminated properly. Healthline mentions gallstones as a possible cause.
- Other health problems: Medications, hemolytic anemia, and other conditions can contribute to high bilirubin levels. MedlinePlus points out that medication can sometimes be a contributing factor.
It is important to note that high bilirubin levels are a symptom, not a disease itself. A medical professional needs to determine the underlying cause through blood tests and potentially other investigations.
