SGPT, or Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, is an older name for the enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A blood test measuring ALT levels helps detect liver damage or inflammation. Because ALT is primarily found in liver cells, elevated levels suggest liver injury. The test is a crucial part of diagnosing various liver diseases.
Understanding the SGPT/ALT Blood Test
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Purpose: The primary purpose of the SGPT (ALT) blood test is to assess liver health. Elevated levels indicate potential liver damage, while normal levels suggest healthy liver function.
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What it measures: The test quantifies the amount of ALT enzyme in your blood. When liver cells are damaged, they release ALT into the bloodstream, causing levels to rise.
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Clinical Significance: The SGPT/ALT test is used to diagnose and monitor various liver conditions, including:
- Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, or autoimmune)
- Cirrhosis
- Liver cancer
- Drug-induced liver injury
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Interpreting Results: A doctor interprets the results in context with other symptoms and tests. Slightly elevated levels may require further investigation, while significantly elevated levels point towards more serious liver problems. The normal range can vary slightly between laboratories.
Note: While the SGPT/ALT blood test primarily assesses liver health, it can sometimes also reflect damage to other organs like the heart, kidneys, or muscles. However, its main application remains in evaluating liver function. The test is often used in conjunction with other liver function tests like SGOT (AST).
