A liver blood test, also known as a liver function test or liver panel, is a group of blood tests that measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins produced by the liver. These tests help doctors assess how well your liver is functioning and can indicate liver injury, infection, or disease.
The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous functions, including:
- Filtering waste products from the blood: The liver removes harmful substances from the bloodstream.
- Producing bile: Bile aids in the digestion of fats.
- Storing nutrients: The liver stores vitamins, minerals, and glucose.
- Producing proteins: The liver synthesizes essential proteins for various bodily functions.
When the liver is damaged or diseased, it may release certain enzymes and proteins into the bloodstream in higher than usual amounts. This can be detected through a liver blood test, which helps doctors diagnose liver conditions or monitor their progression.
Common Liver Function Tests Include:
- Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST): These enzymes are found primarily in the liver and are released into the bloodstream when liver cells are damaged. Elevated levels may indicate liver injury.
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): This enzyme is found in various tissues, including the liver, bone, and intestines. Elevated levels may indicate liver disease, bone disorders, or other conditions.
- Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): This enzyme is primarily found in the liver and bile ducts. Elevated levels may indicate liver disease, particularly alcohol-related liver disease.
- Bilirubin: This pigment is produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. The liver processes bilirubin, and elevated levels may indicate liver dysfunction, such as jaundice.
- Albumin: This protein is produced by the liver. Low levels may indicate liver damage or malnutrition.
Interpretation of Results:
Liver function test results are interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings, such as symptoms, medical history, and physical examination.
Note: Abnormal liver function test results do not always mean a serious liver problem. Other factors, such as medications or recent illnesses, can also affect test results.
