A liver test, also known as a liver function test (LFT), is a blood test used to assess the health of your liver.
Understanding Liver Function Tests
Liver function tests are a crucial diagnostic tool. These tests analyze various substances present in your blood. These substances are produced by the liver, and their levels can indicate how well the liver is functioning. A liver panel will often examine multiple substances in a single blood sample.
What Do Liver Tests Measure?
- Enzymes: Liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) are measured. Elevated levels often suggest liver damage or inflammation.
- Bilirubin: This is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. The liver processes bilirubin. High levels can indicate problems with liver function or bile duct obstruction.
- Albumin: This is a protein made by the liver. Low levels can suggest liver disease.
- Total Protein: Measurement of the total amount of protein in blood, which can provide insights into liver function.
Why Get a Liver Test?
A liver test might be ordered if you:
- Have symptoms of liver disease, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, or fatigue.
- Are at risk for liver disease, such as those who consume excessive alcohol or have a family history of liver problems.
- Need to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for a liver condition.
- As part of a routine health checkup.
- While taking medications that can affect the liver.
Common Liver Tests:
| Test | What It Measures |
|---|---|
| Alanine transaminase (ALT) | Enzyme released when liver cells are damaged. |
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) | Another enzyme indicating liver damage, also found in other tissues. |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | Enzyme found in the liver and bone, helps detect bile duct issues. |
| Bilirubin | Breakdown product of red blood cells; assesses liver's ability to process waste. |
| Albumin | Protein made by the liver; low levels may signify liver dysfunction. |
| Total protein | Measure of all proteins in the blood. |
How Liver Tests Are Performed
Liver tests are simple blood tests. A small blood sample is taken from a vein, usually in your arm, and analyzed in a lab. Results are typically available within a few days, allowing for timely diagnosis and treatment if necessary.
