SGPT, or Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, and LFTs, or Liver Function Tests, are both related to assessing liver health. Let's break down each one individually.
SGPT (Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase)
SGPT, now more commonly known as ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), is an enzyme primarily found in the liver cells. A blood test measuring SGPT levels helps detect liver damage or inflammation. When the liver is injured, SGPT leaks into the bloodstream, resulting in elevated levels. High SGPT levels can indicate various liver conditions, including:
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Liver cancer
The SGPT test is a crucial part of Liver Function Tests (LFTs) and provides valuable information about the liver's condition. Note that a high SGPT level alone doesn't diagnose a specific condition; further tests are often needed.
LFTs (Liver Function Tests)
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) are a panel of blood tests that assess the liver's health. They evaluate different aspects of liver function by measuring levels of various enzymes and proteins in the blood, including:
- SGPT/ALT: As discussed above, this measures liver cell damage.
- SGOT/AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase): Another enzyme found in the liver, also indicating liver cell damage. The ratio of SGOT to SGPT can be particularly informative, for example, in diagnosing alcoholic liver disease.
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): Indicates potential bile duct problems.
- Bilirubin: A byproduct of red blood cell breakdown; elevated levels suggest problems with bilirubin processing.
- Albumin: A protein produced by the liver; low levels suggest impaired liver function.
LFTs are routinely used to:
- Screen for liver disease
- Monitor the progression of liver disease
- Evaluate the effectiveness of liver treatments
In summary, SGPT is a single test within a broader panel of tests known as LFTs, providing vital information about liver health. Both are important tools used by healthcare professionals to assess and diagnose liver conditions.
