The liver receives its oxygen supply from two main sources: the portal vein and the hepatic artery.
Dual Blood Supply of the Liver
The liver is unique in that it receives blood from two separate sources, each contributing significantly to its oxygen supply:
- Portal Vein: This vessel carries blood from the digestive system (stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas) to the liver. It is rich in nutrients but relatively low in oxygen.
- Hepatic Artery: This artery carries oxygen-rich blood directly from the heart to the liver.
Oxygen Contribution
It's generally accepted that 50% of the oxygen requirements of the liver are provided by portal venous blood and the other half derives from the hepatic artery[1]. This dual supply ensures that the liver receives adequate oxygen to perform its many vital functions.
Liver's Ability to Adapt to Increased Oxygen Demand
If the liver's oxygen demand increases, for instance, during metabolic stress or injury, it can compensate. According to reference [1], the liver simply extracts more oxygen from the blood to maintain oxygen uptake.
